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Stream 1: CRU Academic Challenge
CRU Academic Challenge is a competition organized by CRU that challenges teams of students to develop the conceptual design (initial phase) of a copper mining project through a technical, economic, environmental and social analysis, using information provided by CRU and complementary public sources.
Stream 1: CRU Academic Challenge
CRU Academic Challenge is a competition organized by CRU that challenges teams of students to develop the conceptual design (initial phase) of a copper mining project through a technical, economic, environmental and social analysis, using information provided by CRU and complementary public sources.
Stream 1: From high-grade exceptions to low-grade reality: the technologies that can move the supply dial
- How is technology unlocking copper where grades
are lower and orebodies more complex?
·
- How are advances in leaching, coarse particle
flotation, ore sorting, in-situ recovery and digital optimisation already
adding metal from stockpiles, waste and lower grade zones?
- How are these technologies reducing energy,
water and carbon footprints?
Stream 1: From high-grade exceptions to low-grade reality: the technologies that can move the supply dial
- How is technology unlocking copper where grades
are lower and orebodies more complex?
·
- How are advances in leaching, coarse particle
flotation, ore sorting, in-situ recovery and digital optimisation already
adding metal from stockpiles, waste and lower grade zones?
- How are these technologies reducing energy,
water and carbon footprints?
Stream 1: Workshop – Chile Energy
- How do high energy costs in Chile undermine the
competitiveness of the mining sector, and how could cost-effective energy
strategies restore margins and project viability?
- Why do imported fossil fuels, transmission
bottlenecks, and remote mine locations drive up delivered electricity prices,
and how can grid reinforcement and smarter planning reduce these structural
costs?
- In what ways do elevated power prices endanger
low-grade and marginal deposits,
and how can efficiency measures and better contracting frameworks keep these
projects economically feasible?
- How can long-term
renewable power purchase agreements (PPAs) in solar- and wind-rich northern Chile help
miners secure lower, more stable and lower-carbon
energy?
- What transmission, storage and grid-flexibility solutions are
needed so that variable renewables can reliably meet mining’s 24/7 demand and
turn clean energy into a lasting competitive advantage?
Stream 1: Workshop – Chile Energy
- How do high energy costs in Chile undermine the
competitiveness of the mining sector, and how could cost-effective energy
strategies restore margins and project viability?
- Why do imported fossil fuels, transmission
bottlenecks, and remote mine locations drive up delivered electricity prices,
and how can grid reinforcement and smarter planning reduce these structural
costs?
- In what ways do elevated power prices endanger
low-grade and marginal deposits,
and how can efficiency measures and better contracting frameworks keep these
projects economically feasible?
- How can long-term
renewable power purchase agreements (PPAs) in solar- and wind-rich northern Chile help
miners secure lower, more stable and lower-carbon
energy?
- What transmission, storage and grid-flexibility solutions are
needed so that variable renewables can reliably meet mining’s 24/7 demand and
turn clean energy into a lasting competitive advantage?
Stream 1: Workshop - Latin American Mining – In association with Colorado School of Mines
- Minerals and the Americas
- Geopolitics
- China-United States
- Regulation/Standards
- Illicit Supply Chain
Stream 1: Workshop - Latin American Mining – In association with Colorado School of Mines
- Minerals and the Americas
- Geopolitics
- China-United States
- Regulation/Standards
- Illicit Supply Chain
Keynote Presentation – Copper and the Contest for Energy, Industry and Data
- Copper: At the heart of overlapping energy,
industrial and digital transitions
- Implications for supply, demand and price over
the next decade
- Where will the next wave of supply come from? How quickly can it be delivered? How can companies and countries position
themselves in a tighter market
Keynote Presentation – Copper and the Contest for Energy, Industry and Data
- Copper: At the heart of overlapping energy,
industrial and digital transitions
- Implications for supply, demand and price over
the next decade
- Where will the next wave of supply come from? How quickly can it be delivered? How can companies and countries position
themselves in a tighter market
Keynote presentation Chilean Minister of Mines
Keynote presentation Chilean Minister of Mines
Keynote Panel 1: Chile focus — Chile as a copper leader for the next wave of demand
- Chile remains the world’s largest copper
producer, but its main ore bodies are maturing just as new waves of demand
emerge.
- How the country can hold or strengthen its
position by:
- Reshaping portfolios through desalination and
renewables
- Re-engineering long-life operations
- Using technology to work lower grades
- Positioning “green” Chilean copper for more
demanding customers
- What policy, regulatory, infrastructure and
community support is needed to accelerate investment & Secure Chile’s
future supply role
Keynote Panel 1: Chile focus — Chile as a copper leader for the next wave of demand
- Chile remains the world’s largest copper
producer, but its main ore bodies are maturing just as new waves of demand
emerge.
- How the country can hold or strengthen its
position by:
- Reshaping portfolios through desalination and
renewables
- Re-engineering long-life operations
- Using technology to work lower grades
- Positioning “green” Chilean copper for more
demanding customers
- What policy, regulatory, infrastructure and
community support is needed to accelerate investment & Secure Chile’s
future supply role
Keynote Panel 2 Copper leadership in a world of competing supply chains
- How is copper becoming central to energy,
industrial and digital strategies?
- How is the global map of copper production,
processing and use shifting under new tariffs, sanctions and industrial
policies?
- How are supply chains, investment and influence
evolving across the copper value chain?
- How are strategies on growth, partnerships,
offtake and integration changing as demand is diversifying and trade patterns
are fragmenting?
- How are companies securing reliable access to
future copper units?
- Where are they deploying capital along the
value chain?
- How are leaders balancing commercial discipline
with rising expectations to support both energy security and economic security?
Keynote Panel 2 Copper leadership in a world of competing supply chains
- How is copper becoming central to energy,
industrial and digital strategies?
- How is the global map of copper production,
processing and use shifting under new tariffs, sanctions and industrial
policies?
- How are supply chains, investment and influence
evolving across the copper value chain?
- How are strategies on growth, partnerships,
offtake and integration changing as demand is diversifying and trade patterns
are fragmenting?
- How are companies securing reliable access to
future copper units?
- Where are they deploying capital along the
value chain?
- How are leaders balancing commercial discipline
with rising expectations to support both energy security and economic security?
Keynote presentation: DRC copper growth under scrutiny: how fast, how repeatable, how persistent?
- How has the DRC been able to add copper units
at a pace the rest of the world is struggling to match?
- What is the role of a handful of very large
projects backed by Chinese capital in driving this growth?
- How were these tonnes brought onstream so
quickly?
- How are power and infrastructure workarounds
enabling rapid development?
- What governance and operational risks are
emerging from this model?
- Is the DRC model a template for accelerating
global copper supply?
- Or is it a unique combination of geology and
risk appetite that cannot easily be replicated elsewhere?
Keynote presentation: DRC copper growth under scrutiny: how fast, how repeatable, how persistent?
- How has the DRC been able to add copper units
at a pace the rest of the world is struggling to match?
- What is the role of a handful of very large
projects backed by Chinese capital in driving this growth?
- How were these tonnes brought onstream so
quickly?
- How are power and infrastructure workarounds
enabling rapid development?
- What governance and operational risks are
emerging from this model?
- Is the DRC model a template for accelerating
global copper supply?
- Or is it a unique combination of geology and
risk appetite that cannot easily be replicated elsewhere?
Project & Technology Mastermind
Project & Technology Mastermind
Grids, data and the changing geography of copper demand
- How
are different regions racing to reinforce and redesign their power networks for
electric vehicles, renewables and building electrification?
- What
does this power network transformation mean for copper use in transmission and
distribution?
- How
is demand for copper evolving beyond the energy transition, including from data
centres, AI infrastructure, advanced manufacturing and new classes of machines
and robots?
- How
is competition to attract these activities shifting where and when copper is
being consumed?
- Are
current forecasts underestimating the scale and strategic importance of future
copper demand?
Grids, data and the changing geography of copper demand
- How
are different regions racing to reinforce and redesign their power networks for
electric vehicles, renewables and building electrification?
- What
does this power network transformation mean for copper use in transmission and
distribution?
- How
is demand for copper evolving beyond the energy transition, including from data
centres, AI infrastructure, advanced manufacturing and new classes of machines
and robots?
- How
is competition to attract these activities shifting where and when copper is
being consumed?
- Are
current forecasts underestimating the scale and strategic importance of future
copper demand?
Tight concentrates, thin margins and the next phase of the copper processing industry
- What does an era of ultra-low and at times even negative
TC/RCs mean for the economics and structure of the copper smelting and refining
industry?
- How are tight concentrate supply, overbuilt
smelting capacity and rising environmental and energy costs reshaping margins,
investment decisions and the classic benchmark system?
- How are miners, smelters, traders and producing
countries responding, including moves toward index-linked contracts and vertical
integration?
- How is greater use of scrap and secondary feed
changing the industry’s dynamics?
-
Will today’s
pressures lead to consolidation, new business models, or a re-balancing of
processing capacity across regions?
Tight concentrates, thin margins and the next phase of the copper processing industry
- What does an era of ultra-low and at times even negative
TC/RCs mean for the economics and structure of the copper smelting and refining
industry?
- How are tight concentrate supply, overbuilt
smelting capacity and rising environmental and energy costs reshaping margins,
investment decisions and the classic benchmark system?
- How are miners, smelters, traders and producing
countries responding, including moves toward index-linked contracts and vertical
integration?
- How is greater use of scrap and secondary feed
changing the industry’s dynamics?
-
Will today’s
pressures lead to consolidation, new business models, or a re-balancing of
processing capacity across regions?
Short-term volatility, long-term constraints: reassessing copper’s risk profile
- How should we weigh the risks from weak macroeconomic
signals against those from looming structural copper shortages?
- Which copper market risks really matter most,
and over what time horizons?
- How does near-term demand softness affect the outlook for
copper?
- In what ways is China’s evolving growth model
reshaping copper demand and investment signals?
- How does policy uncertainty influence copper
markets in the short and medium term?
- How will longer-term supply constraints from project delays
impact copper availability and prices?
- What role does grade decline play in tightening
long-term copper supply?
- How might geopolitics exacerbate or alleviate
structural copper shortages over time?
Short-term volatility, long-term constraints: reassessing copper’s risk profile
- How should we weigh the risks from weak macroeconomic
signals against those from looming structural copper shortages?
- Which copper market risks really matter most,
and over what time horizons?
- How does near-term demand softness affect the outlook for
copper?
- In what ways is China’s evolving growth model
reshaping copper demand and investment signals?
- How does policy uncertainty influence copper
markets in the short and medium term?
- How will longer-term supply constraints from project delays
impact copper availability and prices?
- What role does grade decline play in tightening
long-term copper supply?
- How might geopolitics exacerbate or alleviate
structural copper shortages over time?
Funding tomorrow’s copper: aligning capital and de-risking supply
- How do copper’s long
term tightening balances and growing supply risks contrast with the current
pace of investment in new mines and midstream capacity?
- Why are today’s copper price signals
insufficient to unlock the required project pipeline?
- Why are current policy signals
failing to mobilize enough capital for new copper supply?
- How do ESG expectations influence
capital allocation decisions in the copper sector?
- In what ways do permitting processes
and jurisdictional risk constrain new copper projects?
- How are higher funding costs
reshaping investment decisions across the copper value chain?
- How does uncertainty over future
copper demand affect the timing and scale of new investments?
- Which types of copper projects and
which regions are successfully attracting funding today?
- Which projects and regions are being
left behind despite the emerging need for more copper?
- How might financing structures be
redesigned to better match copper’s evolving risk profile?
- What role can public–private
partnerships play in unlocking copper investment under higher risk conditions?
- How can recycling investments be
scaled and structured to complement primary copper supply and reduce overall
supply risk?
Funding tomorrow’s copper: aligning capital and de-risking supply
- How do copper’s long
term tightening balances and growing supply risks contrast with the current
pace of investment in new mines and midstream capacity?
- Why are today’s copper price signals
insufficient to unlock the required project pipeline?
- Why are current policy signals
failing to mobilize enough capital for new copper supply?
- How do ESG expectations influence
capital allocation decisions in the copper sector?
- In what ways do permitting processes
and jurisdictional risk constrain new copper projects?
- How are higher funding costs
reshaping investment decisions across the copper value chain?
- How does uncertainty over future
copper demand affect the timing and scale of new investments?
- Which types of copper projects and
which regions are successfully attracting funding today?
- Which projects and regions are being
left behind despite the emerging need for more copper?
- How might financing structures be
redesigned to better match copper’s evolving risk profile?
- What role can public–private
partnerships play in unlocking copper investment under higher risk conditions?
- How can recycling investments be
scaled and structured to complement primary copper supply and reduce overall
supply risk?
Stream 1: CRU Academic Challenge
CRU Academic Challenge is a competition organized by CRU that challenges teams of students to develop the conceptual design (initial phase) of a copper mining project through a technical, economic, environmental and social analysis, using information provided by CRU and complementary public sources.
Stream 1: CRU Academic Challenge
CRU Academic Challenge is a competition organized by CRU that challenges teams of students to develop the conceptual design (initial phase) of a copper mining project through a technical, economic, environmental and social analysis, using information provided by CRU and complementary public sources.
Stream 1: From high-grade exceptions to low-grade reality: the technologies that can move the supply dial
- How is technology unlocking copper where grades
are lower and orebodies more complex?
·
- How are advances in leaching, coarse particle
flotation, ore sorting, in-situ recovery and digital optimisation already
adding metal from stockpiles, waste and lower grade zones?
- How are these technologies reducing energy,
water and carbon footprints?
Stream 1: From high-grade exceptions to low-grade reality: the technologies that can move the supply dial
- How is technology unlocking copper where grades
are lower and orebodies more complex?
·
- How are advances in leaching, coarse particle
flotation, ore sorting, in-situ recovery and digital optimisation already
adding metal from stockpiles, waste and lower grade zones?
- How are these technologies reducing energy,
water and carbon footprints?
Stream 1: Workshop – Chile Energy
- How do high energy costs in Chile undermine the
competitiveness of the mining sector, and how could cost-effective energy
strategies restore margins and project viability?
- Why do imported fossil fuels, transmission
bottlenecks, and remote mine locations drive up delivered electricity prices,
and how can grid reinforcement and smarter planning reduce these structural
costs?
- In what ways do elevated power prices endanger
low-grade and marginal deposits,
and how can efficiency measures and better contracting frameworks keep these
projects economically feasible?
- How can long-term
renewable power purchase agreements (PPAs) in solar- and wind-rich northern Chile help
miners secure lower, more stable and lower-carbon
energy?
- What transmission, storage and grid-flexibility solutions are
needed so that variable renewables can reliably meet mining’s 24/7 demand and
turn clean energy into a lasting competitive advantage?
Stream 1: Workshop – Chile Energy
- How do high energy costs in Chile undermine the
competitiveness of the mining sector, and how could cost-effective energy
strategies restore margins and project viability?
- Why do imported fossil fuels, transmission
bottlenecks, and remote mine locations drive up delivered electricity prices,
and how can grid reinforcement and smarter planning reduce these structural
costs?
- In what ways do elevated power prices endanger
low-grade and marginal deposits,
and how can efficiency measures and better contracting frameworks keep these
projects economically feasible?
- How can long-term
renewable power purchase agreements (PPAs) in solar- and wind-rich northern Chile help
miners secure lower, more stable and lower-carbon
energy?
- What transmission, storage and grid-flexibility solutions are
needed so that variable renewables can reliably meet mining’s 24/7 demand and
turn clean energy into a lasting competitive advantage?
Stream 1: Workshop - Latin American Mining – In association with Colorado School of Mines
- Minerals and the Americas
- Geopolitics
- China-United States
- Regulation/Standards
- Illicit Supply Chain
Stream 1: Workshop - Latin American Mining – In association with Colorado School of Mines
- Minerals and the Americas
- Geopolitics
- China-United States
- Regulation/Standards
- Illicit Supply Chain
Keynote Presentation – Copper and the Contest for Energy, Industry and Data
- Copper: At the heart of overlapping energy,
industrial and digital transitions
- Implications for supply, demand and price over
the next decade
- Where will the next wave of supply come from? How quickly can it be delivered? How can companies and countries position
themselves in a tighter market
Keynote Presentation – Copper and the Contest for Energy, Industry and Data
- Copper: At the heart of overlapping energy,
industrial and digital transitions
- Implications for supply, demand and price over
the next decade
- Where will the next wave of supply come from? How quickly can it be delivered? How can companies and countries position
themselves in a tighter market
Keynote presentation Chilean Minister of Mines
Keynote presentation Chilean Minister of Mines
Keynote Panel 1: Chile focus — Chile as a copper leader for the next wave of demand
- Chile remains the world’s largest copper
producer, but its main ore bodies are maturing just as new waves of demand
emerge.
- How the country can hold or strengthen its
position by:
- Reshaping portfolios through desalination and
renewables
- Re-engineering long-life operations
- Using technology to work lower grades
- Positioning “green” Chilean copper for more
demanding customers
- What policy, regulatory, infrastructure and
community support is needed to accelerate investment & Secure Chile’s
future supply role
Keynote Panel 1: Chile focus — Chile as a copper leader for the next wave of demand
- Chile remains the world’s largest copper
producer, but its main ore bodies are maturing just as new waves of demand
emerge.
- How the country can hold or strengthen its
position by:
- Reshaping portfolios through desalination and
renewables
- Re-engineering long-life operations
- Using technology to work lower grades
- Positioning “green” Chilean copper for more
demanding customers
- What policy, regulatory, infrastructure and
community support is needed to accelerate investment & Secure Chile’s
future supply role
Keynote Panel 2 Copper leadership in a world of competing supply chains
- How is copper becoming central to energy,
industrial and digital strategies?
- How is the global map of copper production,
processing and use shifting under new tariffs, sanctions and industrial
policies?
- How are supply chains, investment and influence
evolving across the copper value chain?
- How are strategies on growth, partnerships,
offtake and integration changing as demand is diversifying and trade patterns
are fragmenting?
- How are companies securing reliable access to
future copper units?
- Where are they deploying capital along the
value chain?
- How are leaders balancing commercial discipline
with rising expectations to support both energy security and economic security?
Keynote Panel 2 Copper leadership in a world of competing supply chains
- How is copper becoming central to energy,
industrial and digital strategies?
- How is the global map of copper production,
processing and use shifting under new tariffs, sanctions and industrial
policies?
- How are supply chains, investment and influence
evolving across the copper value chain?
- How are strategies on growth, partnerships,
offtake and integration changing as demand is diversifying and trade patterns
are fragmenting?
- How are companies securing reliable access to
future copper units?
- Where are they deploying capital along the
value chain?
- How are leaders balancing commercial discipline
with rising expectations to support both energy security and economic security?
Keynote presentation: DRC copper growth under scrutiny: how fast, how repeatable, how persistent?
- How has the DRC been able to add copper units
at a pace the rest of the world is struggling to match?
- What is the role of a handful of very large
projects backed by Chinese capital in driving this growth?
- How were these tonnes brought onstream so
quickly?
- How are power and infrastructure workarounds
enabling rapid development?
- What governance and operational risks are
emerging from this model?
- Is the DRC model a template for accelerating
global copper supply?
- Or is it a unique combination of geology and
risk appetite that cannot easily be replicated elsewhere?
Keynote presentation: DRC copper growth under scrutiny: how fast, how repeatable, how persistent?
- How has the DRC been able to add copper units
at a pace the rest of the world is struggling to match?
- What is the role of a handful of very large
projects backed by Chinese capital in driving this growth?
- How were these tonnes brought onstream so
quickly?
- How are power and infrastructure workarounds
enabling rapid development?
- What governance and operational risks are
emerging from this model?
- Is the DRC model a template for accelerating
global copper supply?
- Or is it a unique combination of geology and
risk appetite that cannot easily be replicated elsewhere?
Project & Technology Mastermind
Project & Technology Mastermind
Grids, data and the changing geography of copper demand
- How
are different regions racing to reinforce and redesign their power networks for
electric vehicles, renewables and building electrification?
- What
does this power network transformation mean for copper use in transmission and
distribution?
- How
is demand for copper evolving beyond the energy transition, including from data
centres, AI infrastructure, advanced manufacturing and new classes of machines
and robots?
- How
is competition to attract these activities shifting where and when copper is
being consumed?
- Are
current forecasts underestimating the scale and strategic importance of future
copper demand?
Grids, data and the changing geography of copper demand
- How
are different regions racing to reinforce and redesign their power networks for
electric vehicles, renewables and building electrification?
- What
does this power network transformation mean for copper use in transmission and
distribution?
- How
is demand for copper evolving beyond the energy transition, including from data
centres, AI infrastructure, advanced manufacturing and new classes of machines
and robots?
- How
is competition to attract these activities shifting where and when copper is
being consumed?
- Are
current forecasts underestimating the scale and strategic importance of future
copper demand?
Tight concentrates, thin margins and the next phase of the copper processing industry
- What does an era of ultra-low and at times even negative
TC/RCs mean for the economics and structure of the copper smelting and refining
industry?
- How are tight concentrate supply, overbuilt
smelting capacity and rising environmental and energy costs reshaping margins,
investment decisions and the classic benchmark system?
- How are miners, smelters, traders and producing
countries responding, including moves toward index-linked contracts and vertical
integration?
- How is greater use of scrap and secondary feed
changing the industry’s dynamics?
-
Will today’s
pressures lead to consolidation, new business models, or a re-balancing of
processing capacity across regions?
Tight concentrates, thin margins and the next phase of the copper processing industry
- What does an era of ultra-low and at times even negative
TC/RCs mean for the economics and structure of the copper smelting and refining
industry?
- How are tight concentrate supply, overbuilt
smelting capacity and rising environmental and energy costs reshaping margins,
investment decisions and the classic benchmark system?
- How are miners, smelters, traders and producing
countries responding, including moves toward index-linked contracts and vertical
integration?
- How is greater use of scrap and secondary feed
changing the industry’s dynamics?
-
Will today’s
pressures lead to consolidation, new business models, or a re-balancing of
processing capacity across regions?
Short-term volatility, long-term constraints: reassessing copper’s risk profile
- How should we weigh the risks from weak macroeconomic
signals against those from looming structural copper shortages?
- Which copper market risks really matter most,
and over what time horizons?
- How does near-term demand softness affect the outlook for
copper?
- In what ways is China’s evolving growth model
reshaping copper demand and investment signals?
- How does policy uncertainty influence copper
markets in the short and medium term?
- How will longer-term supply constraints from project delays
impact copper availability and prices?
- What role does grade decline play in tightening
long-term copper supply?
- How might geopolitics exacerbate or alleviate
structural copper shortages over time?
Short-term volatility, long-term constraints: reassessing copper’s risk profile
- How should we weigh the risks from weak macroeconomic
signals against those from looming structural copper shortages?
- Which copper market risks really matter most,
and over what time horizons?
- How does near-term demand softness affect the outlook for
copper?
- In what ways is China’s evolving growth model
reshaping copper demand and investment signals?
- How does policy uncertainty influence copper
markets in the short and medium term?
- How will longer-term supply constraints from project delays
impact copper availability and prices?
- What role does grade decline play in tightening
long-term copper supply?
- How might geopolitics exacerbate or alleviate
structural copper shortages over time?
Funding tomorrow’s copper: aligning capital and de-risking supply
- How do copper’s long
term tightening balances and growing supply risks contrast with the current
pace of investment in new mines and midstream capacity?
- Why are today’s copper price signals
insufficient to unlock the required project pipeline?
- Why are current policy signals
failing to mobilize enough capital for new copper supply?
- How do ESG expectations influence
capital allocation decisions in the copper sector?
- In what ways do permitting processes
and jurisdictional risk constrain new copper projects?
- How are higher funding costs
reshaping investment decisions across the copper value chain?
- How does uncertainty over future
copper demand affect the timing and scale of new investments?
- Which types of copper projects and
which regions are successfully attracting funding today?
- Which projects and regions are being
left behind despite the emerging need for more copper?
- How might financing structures be
redesigned to better match copper’s evolving risk profile?
- What role can public–private
partnerships play in unlocking copper investment under higher risk conditions?
- How can recycling investments be
scaled and structured to complement primary copper supply and reduce overall
supply risk?
Funding tomorrow’s copper: aligning capital and de-risking supply
- How do copper’s long
term tightening balances and growing supply risks contrast with the current
pace of investment in new mines and midstream capacity?
- Why are today’s copper price signals
insufficient to unlock the required project pipeline?
- Why are current policy signals
failing to mobilize enough capital for new copper supply?
- How do ESG expectations influence
capital allocation decisions in the copper sector?
- In what ways do permitting processes
and jurisdictional risk constrain new copper projects?
- How are higher funding costs
reshaping investment decisions across the copper value chain?
- How does uncertainty over future
copper demand affect the timing and scale of new investments?
- Which types of copper projects and
which regions are successfully attracting funding today?
- Which projects and regions are being
left behind despite the emerging need for more copper?
- How might financing structures be
redesigned to better match copper’s evolving risk profile?
- What role can public–private
partnerships play in unlocking copper investment under higher risk conditions?
- How can recycling investments be
scaled and structured to complement primary copper supply and reduce overall
supply risk?
Download 13 April 2026 Agenda
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